本周国际咖啡组织（ICO）在肯尼亚召开的第124次理事会会议，在第二个会议日（3月26日）上，由于国际咖啡期货价格（C-Price）过低，代表世界各地咖啡生产国的主要组织和协会纷纷表示了对全球咖啡行业的全面谴责与不满。

各咖啡生产国组织和协会表示，如果不能立即采取行动为世界上约2500万咖农提供更好的价格保障，咖啡行业可能会造成广泛的人道主义危机。不久的将来，会有更多的咖农放弃咖啡，转而种植其他非法作物或为寻求更好的机会而迁徙。

同时，代表世界咖啡生产者论坛的 13个组织——包括哥伦比亚的FNC，非洲的AFCA，拉丁美洲的Promecafe，巴西的BSCA和美国/欧洲的精品咖啡协会——已将其名称附加在一份声明中，呼吁立即采取行动应对低咖啡价格。

目前咖啡生产国已经将矛头直指国际咖啡期货价格（C-Price）——它被广泛应用于咖啡生豆交易期货合约的价格发现和参考工具。在整个咖啡行业中，C-Price作为影响几乎所有咖啡行业的基准价格。

世界咖啡生产者论坛在声明中写道：“生产国和其他参与者担心今天的C-Price不是正确的价格发现机制，并且通过允许生产者的贫困化，咖啡业正在损害其自身的未来。”

本月早些时候，5月期货的C价跌至每磅0.9465美元/磅，为2006年以来的最低水平。实际上，2018年到2019年的大部分时间里，咖啡价格一直处于急剧下滑状态，在自1989年以来一直处于自由市场时期的高度波动的咖啡商品市场中重复下行周期。

该组织写道：“今天的国际咖啡期货合约是作为一篮子质量相似的温和阿拉比卡咖啡的价格参考而创建的。但随着时间的推移引入了一些变化，人们普遍承认，基于国际咖啡期货合约的价格不包括大多数生产商的生产成本，原因包括几个因素，其中尤其是对不了解或不关心咖啡的对冲基金的投机行为所致。 ”

以下是世界咖啡生产者论坛联盟的声明全文：

由世界咖啡生产者论坛的协调小组发布

肯尼亚内罗毕

2019年3月26日

由于极低的国际咖啡价格造成的当前社会和经济危机已经到了严重的程度，对于咖啡产业链 （咖啡行业整体而言）不能只是继续夸夸而谈，而是到了必须立即采取行动的时刻。

据国际咖啡组织（ICO）称，世界上约有2500万家庭——主要是小农户——从事咖啡生产活动。今天，他们中的大多数人甚至无法承担他们的生产成本，以至他们中的许多人无法为自己和家人谋生。

世界每天饮用14亿杯咖啡，消费者为他们支付非常高的价格（从美国的3.12美元到上海的4.60美元到的哥本哈根的6.24美元）。在许多情况下，这些价格是在咖啡可持续的承诺下实现的。然而，可持续发展承诺通常只关注其三个方面中的两个方面：环境和社会。在“市场就是市场”的前提下，咖啡产业链忽视了经济可持续性，即农民自身的收入。

今天的国际咖啡期货合约被创建为一篮子质量相似的温和阿拉比卡咖啡的价格参考。但随着时间的推移引入了一些变化，人们普遍承认，基于国际咖啡期货合约的价格不能体现大多数生产商的生产成本，原因包括几个因素，其中尤其是对不了解或不关心咖啡的对冲基金的投机行为。

1982年，国际市场上咖啡的价格在1.18美元到1.41美元之间波动，美国一杯咖啡平均价格为1.10美元；在2018年，国际市场上一磅阿拉比卡咖啡的平均价格平均为1.01美元。但就在2019年3月25日，国际咖啡期货价格却收低于US $ 0.95。在过去的几十年里，咖啡生产商已经失去了超过80％的购买能力。

咖啡生产者目前的贫困化进程正在摧毁非洲，亚洲和拉丁美洲40多个国家农村地区的社会结构，导致生产国的犯罪率上升，城市更加贫困，大规模迁移到美国和欧洲。由于咖农无法依靠传统咖啡种植业务谋生，在一些国家，这导致咖农转向种植其他非法作物的种植。

咖啡豆的品质和可用性也受到威胁。咖啡生产者将无法负担得起他们的农场及其咖啡的适当照理费用，导致不适当的施肥和树木护理，影响质量并剥夺消费者今天所享有的多样性。其外，适应和减轻气候变化的影响是生产者肩负的其他负担。

生产国和其他参与者担心今天的国际咖啡期货合约不是正确的价格发现机制，并且通过允许生产者的贫困化，咖啡行业正在损害其自身的未来。

咖啡生产者目前的经济可持续性危机需要在成为人道主义危机之前立即解决。必须实施基于共同责任和完全透明原则的方法，以确保产业链的所有环节都是有利可图和健康的。即使咖啡产生了很好的饮料，如果它以牺牲人民和土地的尊严，价值或福祉为代价，它也不可能真正成为可持续的咖啡。在这次讨论中，美国ICE洲际交易所不能缺席。

来自世界各地的咖啡农多年来一直与产业链的其他环节接触，希望采取集体，建设性和现实的方法来确保生产者的经济可持续性。不幸的是，反馈非常弱。

谈到咖啡生产商的经济可持续性，很明显：必须采取行动。

英文原文：

DECLARATION OF THE COORDINATION GROUP OF THE WORLD COFFEE PRODUCERS FORUM

NAIROBI, KENYA

MARCH 26TH, 2019

Nairobi, March 26th, 2019.- The current social and economic crisis created by extremely low international coffee prices has come to a point where the coffee value chain -as a whole- cannot just continue talking about it, without taking serious and immediate action.

According to the International Coffee Organization ICO, about 25 million families -mostly smallholders- produce coffee in the world. Today, most of them cannot even cover their production costs and many of them cannot make a living for themselves and their families

The world drinks 1.4 billion cups of coffee every day (*) and consumers pay very high prices for them (from $3.12 in the U.S. to $4.60 in Shanghai to $ 6.24 in Copenhagen in 2018 (**)). In many cases, those prices are reached with the promise of the coffee being sustainable. However, the sustainability promise usually focuses only on two of its three aspects: environmental and social. Economic sustainability, the income of the farmers itself, has been neglected by the coffee value chain under the premise that “the market is the market” and we need to let it rule.

Today’s “C” futures contract was created as the price reference for a basket of mild arabica coffees of similar quality known as “Centrals”. Today, with several changes introduced over time, it is widely acknowledged that the “C” futures contract based price does not cover production costs for most producers due to several factors, including speculation by hedge funds that do not understand or care about coffee.

In 1982, the price of coffee fluctuated between US$1.18 and US$1.41 in the international market and a cup of coffee averaged US$ 1.10 in the United States; in 2018, the average price of a pound of arabica coffee in the international market averaged US$1.01. Furthermore, on March 22nd, 2019, the price closed below US$0.95. Coffee producers have lost more than 80% of their purchase capacity in the last few decades.

The current pauperization process of coffee producers is destroying the very social fabric in the rural areas of more than 40 countries in Africa, Asia and Latin America, leading to increased criminality in producing nations, more poverty in the cities, and massive migrations towards the United States and Europe. In some countries, the current crisis has become an incentive to shift to illegal crops because farmers cannot make a living from coffee alone.

Quality and availability are also threatened. Producers who stay in coffee will not be able to afford the proper care of their farms and their coffee which leads to improper fertilization and care of the trees, affects quality and deprives consumers the diversity that they enjoy today. Adaptation and mitigation of the effects of climate change are other burdens that falls on the shoulders of producers.

Producing countries and other players are concerned that today’s “C” contract is not the right price discovery mechanism and that by allowing the impoverishment of producers, the coffee industry is compromising its own future.

The current economic sustainability crisis of coffee producers needs to be addressed immediately before it becomes a humanitarian crisis. An approach based on the principle of co-responsibility and total transparency must be implemented to ensure that all the links of the value chain are profitable and healthy. Even if a coffee results in a great beverage, if it does so at the cost of the dignity, value or well being of the people and the land involve, it cannot truly be a sustainable coffee. ICE cannot be absent in this discussion.

Coffee farmers from all over the world have been reaching out for years to the rest of the value chain hoping for a collective, constructive and realistic approach to secure the economic sustainability of producers. The response -unfortunately- has been very weak.

When it comes to economic sustainability of coffee producers, it is clear:

NO ACTION IS NOT AN OPTION!

关键词：国际咖啡组织

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